An ichthyologist is modeling the movement of a fish in a 3D aquatic environment using vector dynamics. Suppose the fish's velocity vector is \(\mathbf{v} = egin{pmatrix} 2 \ -1 \ 3 \end{pmatrix}\) and the direction of the current is given by \(\mathbf{c} = egin{pmatrix} 1 \ 2 \ -1 \end{pmatrix}\). Find the component of the fish’s velocity perpendicular to the current direction.

Tue, 05 May 2026 17:21:52 +0000

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