Shortest side = 10 cm → scale factor = \(10/5 = 2\) - Redraw

Understanding the Context

A “shortest side” refers to the smallest dimension in a geometric figure — in this case, 10 cm. This dimension anchors our understanding of size and scale. Whether designing a blueprint, creating a model, or analyzing real-world objects, identifying the shortest side establishes a baseline for comparison.

The Role of Scale Factor

Scale factor is a ratio that describes how much larger or smaller a figure is compared to the original. For example, a scale factor of 2 means every linear measurement in the reproduced shape is twice as long as in the original. But achieving a proportional design starts with clear dimensions — like a side of 10 cm.

Suppose you started with a smaller object where the shortest side is 10 cm. To create a scaled-up version, applying a scale factor of 2 means multiplying that 10 cm side by 2, resulting in a side length of 20 cm. The key insight is that the scale factor determines how the original size expands uniformly across all dimensions.

Key Insights

Calculating the Scale Factor: \( \frac{10\ \ ext{cm}}{10/2} = 2 \)

Let’s break down the calculation that defines our scale factor:
Given the shortest side is 10 cm and the original scale before enlargement is mathematically implied as \(10/2 = 5\) cm, the scale factor is found by comparing the new dimension to the original:

\[
\ ext{Scale factor} = \frac{\ ext{New side length}}{\ ext{Original shortest side}} = \frac{10\ \ ext{cm}}{5\ \ ext{cm}} = 2
\]

This tells us the model or design is scaled up by a factor of 2 — doubling every linear measurement. It’s a simple yet essential operation that keeps the object’s shape intact while increasing its size.

Why This Matters

Final Thoughts

Understanding scale factor and shortening/doubling dimensions is crucial in fields like architecture, manufacturing, graphic design, and engineering. When creating scaled models, artwork, or blueprints, maintaining correct proportions ensures accuracy and functionality.

For instance:
- An architect designing a bridge model doubles every measured dimension using a scale factor of 2 to ensure the full-size version mirrors the model’s correct size.
- A graphic designer working on a logo might reduce dimensions using a scale factor < 1, but knowing the reverse process helps verify sizing.

Summary

• The shortest side measuring 10 cm provides a clear baseline.
  - A scale factor of 2 means every linear measurement increases by twice its original size.
  - The scale factor \( \frac{10}{10/2} = 2 \) confirms the proportionality, illustrating a fundamental relationship in geometry: scale is determined by comparing real-world dimensions at a reference scale.

Mastering these concepts unlocks powerful ways to visualize, replicate, and scale shapes accurately across practical applications.